1 00:00:00,001 --> 00:00:03,669 [William Shatner] A blood oath that initiates 2 00:00:03,670 --> 00:00:07,090 a recruit into a notorious crime family. 3 00:00:07,299 --> 00:00:08,592 [gunshot] 4 00:00:08,800 --> 00:00:11,595 A double agent who pledged allegiance 5 00:00:11,803 --> 00:00:13,597 to a foreign enemy. 6 00:00:13,805 --> 00:00:18,101 And a 21st century technology that's the digital domain 7 00:00:18,268 --> 00:00:20,812 for elusive cyber crooks. 8 00:00:21,021 --> 00:00:23,273 As long as there have been laws, 9 00:00:23,274 --> 00:00:25,483 there have been people willing to break them. 10 00:00:25,484 --> 00:00:28,987 Individuals who embrace a certain lifestyle 11 00:00:29,196 --> 00:00:32,991 where rules and social contracts don't apply. 12 00:00:33,200 --> 00:00:38,372 From daring outlaws and swashbuckling pirates 13 00:00:38,580 --> 00:00:42,543 to organized crime and modern-day cyber sleuths, 14 00:00:42,751 --> 00:00:47,256 what drives some to choose a life of crime? 15 00:00:47,464 --> 00:00:52,010 Well, that is what we'll try and find out. 16 00:00:52,219 --> 00:00:54,179 ? ? 17 00:01:05,022 --> 00:01:07,693 -[siren wailing] -[Shatner reads on-screen text] 18 00:01:12,364 --> 00:01:15,867 While revelers enjoy Halloween festivities across the city, 19 00:01:16,076 --> 00:01:18,287 tucked away out of sight, 20 00:01:18,495 --> 00:01:23,500 a group of men prepare a deadly serious initiation ritual. 21 00:01:24,585 --> 00:01:27,796 Michael Franzese is about to become a member 22 00:01:28,005 --> 00:01:31,967 of America's most infamous criminal secret society- 23 00:01:32,175 --> 00:01:34,386 the Italian American Mafia, 24 00:01:34,595 --> 00:01:36,680 or, as its members call it, 25 00:01:36,930 --> 00:01:38,932 La Cosa Nostra. 26 00:01:38,933 --> 00:01:40,433 [Michael Franzese] I don't like to use the term "Mafia" 27 00:01:40,434 --> 00:01:41,727 here in America. 28 00:01:41,935 --> 00:01:43,979 In America it's really Cosa Nostra. 29 00:01:44,146 --> 00:01:46,982 I grew up in the life. You know, my dad was the underboss 30 00:01:47,149 --> 00:01:48,817 of the Colombo family. 31 00:01:49,026 --> 00:01:51,903 I was 24 years old when I got, uh, inducted. 32 00:01:52,070 --> 00:01:55,782 It was Halloween night, 1975. 33 00:01:55,991 --> 00:01:58,660 I was called into a room late at night. 34 00:01:58,827 --> 00:02:01,455 Stood in front of the boss, held out my hand, 35 00:02:01,663 --> 00:02:04,458 took a knife, cut my fingers. 36 00:02:04,624 --> 00:02:07,419 Some blood dropped on the floor. 37 00:02:07,586 --> 00:02:09,545 He took a picture of a saint, 38 00:02:09,755 --> 00:02:10,964 lit it aflame, 39 00:02:11,173 --> 00:02:12,591 put it in my hands. 40 00:02:12,592 --> 00:02:14,383 And he said, "Tonight, Michael Franzese, 41 00:02:14,384 --> 00:02:16,219 you are born again into a new life, 42 00:02:16,386 --> 00:02:17,846 into Cosa Nostra. 43 00:02:18,055 --> 00:02:20,474 Betray your brothers and you will die, 44 00:02:20,475 --> 00:02:23,184 burn in hell like this saint is burning in your hands. 45 00:02:23,185 --> 00:02:24,978 Do you accept?" 46 00:02:25,187 --> 00:02:27,898 "Yes, I do." That's how it started. 47 00:02:28,106 --> 00:02:29,733 [Nate Hendley] La Cosa Nostra 48 00:02:29,941 --> 00:02:32,527 wants to make money and amass power. 49 00:02:32,736 --> 00:02:35,155 I would say they are the deadliest criminal 50 00:02:35,364 --> 00:02:37,234 secret society in American history. 51 00:02:37,324 --> 00:02:40,160 To join the Mafia, you have to be pure Italian. 52 00:02:40,410 --> 00:02:43,413 And secrecy is the norm. 53 00:02:43,622 --> 00:02:46,041 You're told you can join this organization 54 00:02:46,291 --> 00:02:49,121 and you'll make all sorts of money, you'll be protected. 55 00:02:49,122 --> 00:02:51,587 But at the same time, if you reveal any secrets, 56 00:02:51,588 --> 00:02:52,964 you're going to be killed. 57 00:02:53,173 --> 00:02:54,853 [Shatner] The dangerous secrets 58 00:02:54,966 --> 00:02:56,635 that La Cosa Nostra keeps 59 00:02:56,843 --> 00:03:01,848 revolve around criminal enterprises like gambling, 60 00:03:02,057 --> 00:03:03,892 drug trafficking, 61 00:03:04,101 --> 00:03:06,144 counterfeiting, 62 00:03:06,353 --> 00:03:08,105 -and murder. -[siren wailing] 63 00:03:08,106 --> 00:03:10,940 It's been estimated that, at the height of their power, 64 00:03:10,941 --> 00:03:14,695 their crimes earned them billions of dollars every year. 65 00:03:14,903 --> 00:03:18,156 So how did this criminal secret society 66 00:03:18,407 --> 00:03:20,951 become so powerful? 67 00:03:20,952 --> 00:03:22,993 [Hendley] The Mafia really starts to sort of 68 00:03:22,994 --> 00:03:25,455 come together in New York City in the 1920s, 69 00:03:25,664 --> 00:03:27,791 and there's a few factors as to why. 70 00:03:27,999 --> 00:03:29,584 Number one, Prohibition. 71 00:03:31,920 --> 00:03:34,548 Because banning alcohol instantly turns 72 00:03:34,756 --> 00:03:36,675 corner street thugs 73 00:03:36,883 --> 00:03:40,053 into very wealthy, powerful gangsters. 74 00:03:40,262 --> 00:03:42,013 The underworld realizes 75 00:03:42,222 --> 00:03:44,272 Americans are still gonna want to drink 76 00:03:44,474 --> 00:03:47,352 and they will be the ones to supply the alcohol. 77 00:03:47,561 --> 00:03:50,939 So it becomes an enormous lucrative opportunity 78 00:03:51,106 --> 00:03:52,482 for gangsters. 79 00:03:53,525 --> 00:03:55,085 [Franzese] In the early 1900s, 80 00:03:55,193 --> 00:03:57,696 the guys started migrating from Sicily 81 00:03:57,904 --> 00:04:00,449 into the United States. 82 00:04:00,450 --> 00:04:02,158 And before Prohibition, we were 83 00:04:02,159 --> 00:04:04,494 just a bunch of guys preying on each other, 84 00:04:04,703 --> 00:04:06,693 trying to do these petty street crimes 85 00:04:06,830 --> 00:04:08,248 and-and being thugs. 86 00:04:09,332 --> 00:04:11,835 Well, those guys figured out, "Hey, alcohol, 87 00:04:12,043 --> 00:04:14,513 people want to drink. We're gonna make 'em happy." 88 00:04:14,514 --> 00:04:16,754 We were good at giving people what they wanted 89 00:04:16,755 --> 00:04:18,075 when they couldn't have it. 90 00:04:18,257 --> 00:04:20,635 In New York State alone, 91 00:04:20,886 --> 00:04:23,638 there were 36,000 speakeasies- 92 00:04:23,889 --> 00:04:28,101 just to give you an idea of how lucrative this was. 93 00:04:28,268 --> 00:04:30,353 And so now we start to get organized, 94 00:04:30,562 --> 00:04:33,212 because no organization is anything without money. 95 00:04:34,775 --> 00:04:38,820 [Shatner] Prohibition turned common thugs into kingpins 96 00:04:39,029 --> 00:04:44,701 and created an opportunity for La Cosa Nostra to get organized. 97 00:04:44,868 --> 00:04:46,488 [Edward McDonald] By the 1930s, 98 00:04:46,620 --> 00:04:49,498 Lucky Luciano and some other, uh, powerful gangsters 99 00:04:49,664 --> 00:04:51,594 formed themselves into a commission. 100 00:04:51,750 --> 00:04:54,461 They decided that it would make sense 101 00:04:54,628 --> 00:04:56,630 if these gangsters were organized, 102 00:04:56,838 --> 00:04:58,548 organized into families. 103 00:04:58,757 --> 00:05:02,010 They designated five people to be the heads 104 00:05:02,219 --> 00:05:04,387 of five families in New York. 105 00:05:04,388 --> 00:05:07,348 And other people were designated to be the leaders of families 106 00:05:07,349 --> 00:05:08,892 in other parts of the country. 107 00:05:10,018 --> 00:05:12,979 [Hendley] Lucky Luciano comes up with the structure 108 00:05:13,146 --> 00:05:15,023 of the Mafia as we know it today. 109 00:05:15,024 --> 00:05:16,732 You have a hierarchal structure. 110 00:05:16,733 --> 00:05:18,485 You have boss, 111 00:05:18,693 --> 00:05:21,029 underboss, capo, 112 00:05:21,238 --> 00:05:23,406 which is like middle management. 113 00:05:23,615 --> 00:05:26,076 Capo is in charge of roughly ten soldiers 114 00:05:26,284 --> 00:05:28,620 who do the actual grunt work. 115 00:05:28,787 --> 00:05:30,997 Underneath the soldiers are associates. 116 00:05:31,248 --> 00:05:35,544 An associate can be anybody who just happens to help the Mafia. 117 00:05:35,752 --> 00:05:37,462 And this really is the birth 118 00:05:37,629 --> 00:05:39,673 of the American Mafia as we know it. 119 00:05:39,674 --> 00:05:42,842 [Shatner] A strict hierarchy meant 120 00:05:42,843 --> 00:05:44,594 that only the bosses would know 121 00:05:44,803 --> 00:05:48,807 all the details of La Cosa Nostra's criminal operations. 122 00:05:49,850 --> 00:05:51,518 And to show their loyalty, 123 00:05:51,519 --> 00:05:53,811 all members of the family would be required 124 00:05:53,812 --> 00:05:57,941 to take a powerful oath of secrecy. 125 00:05:57,942 --> 00:06:02,111 [Franzese] People, they don't understand what the oath is. 126 00:06:02,112 --> 00:06:03,821 They think, once you come into that life, well, you're taking 127 00:06:03,822 --> 00:06:06,533 an oath to lie, steal, cheat, kill. 128 00:06:06,741 --> 00:06:08,671 Now, obviously, as part of that life, 129 00:06:08,827 --> 00:06:10,328 you know, those things happen. 130 00:06:10,537 --> 00:06:12,622 But that's not what the oath is. 131 00:06:12,789 --> 00:06:15,834 The oath of omert� means silence. 132 00:06:15,835 --> 00:06:18,544 We're not even supposed to admit that the life exists. 133 00:06:18,545 --> 00:06:20,355 We're not supposed to talk about it. 134 00:06:20,547 --> 00:06:23,091 If you violate policies and rules, 135 00:06:23,300 --> 00:06:25,760 you can have serious consequences. 136 00:06:25,761 --> 00:06:28,679 [McDonald] Omert� was critical to the success of the Mafia. 137 00:06:28,680 --> 00:06:30,181 In order to stay alive, 138 00:06:30,182 --> 00:06:32,474 in order to stay active, in order to stay powerful, 139 00:06:32,475 --> 00:06:34,226 you can't have your members going out 140 00:06:34,227 --> 00:06:36,353 and talking to other people about what you're doing. 141 00:06:36,354 --> 00:06:39,316 And so you have a code of silence. 142 00:06:39,317 --> 00:06:41,442 People were adhering to omert� because they were afraid 143 00:06:41,443 --> 00:06:43,612 that if they violated the code, 144 00:06:43,820 --> 00:06:45,238 they would be killed. 145 00:06:45,239 --> 00:06:47,948 If your mother is sick and dying and you're at her deathbed 146 00:06:47,949 --> 00:06:49,783 and the family calls you to service, 147 00:06:49,784 --> 00:06:51,869 you leave your mother and you come and serve the family. 148 00:06:51,870 --> 00:06:53,872 The family comes before anything. 149 00:06:54,080 --> 00:06:55,707 You have to think that way. 150 00:06:55,915 --> 00:06:58,445 So, unfortunately, you know, you make a mistake, 151 00:06:58,585 --> 00:07:01,475 it could be your best friend that pulls the trigger on you. 152 00:07:04,049 --> 00:07:05,634 During my 20 years in that life, 153 00:07:05,842 --> 00:07:08,072 unfortunately, I've seen things like that. 154 00:07:08,073 --> 00:07:11,055 [Shatner] While authorities have known about the existence 155 00:07:11,056 --> 00:07:13,850 of La Cosa Nostra since the 1950s, 156 00:07:14,059 --> 00:07:18,563 the power of this criminal enterprise has faded with time. 157 00:07:18,772 --> 00:07:21,399 But is the loyalty and commitment 158 00:07:21,650 --> 00:07:25,111 to the secret society still strong? 159 00:07:25,320 --> 00:07:27,572 [McDonald] There are still organizations. 160 00:07:27,781 --> 00:07:30,742 There's still five organized families in New York. 161 00:07:30,743 --> 00:07:32,618 But they simply don't have the power 162 00:07:32,619 --> 00:07:34,079 or the impact that they had. 163 00:07:34,329 --> 00:07:37,582 The bosses, the leaderships of the families 164 00:07:37,749 --> 00:07:40,168 have been convicted time and time again, 165 00:07:40,377 --> 00:07:42,379 going back to the 1980s. 166 00:07:42,545 --> 00:07:44,297 So, the question, is it possible 167 00:07:44,506 --> 00:07:46,676 that there will be a resurgence of the mob? 168 00:07:46,800 --> 00:07:49,094 I don't think we'll ever see the... 169 00:07:49,302 --> 00:07:50,682 La Cosa Nostra as effective 170 00:07:50,929 --> 00:07:52,764 or as powerful as it, as it once was. 171 00:07:52,972 --> 00:07:54,391 But we don't know. 172 00:07:54,599 --> 00:07:56,142 One can only speculate. 173 00:07:56,143 --> 00:07:58,394 [Franzese] We used to be front-page news. 174 00:07:58,395 --> 00:08:00,522 We had a lot of control in this country 175 00:08:00,772 --> 00:08:02,148 for almost 100 years, 176 00:08:02,357 --> 00:08:05,151 under some very difficult conditions. 177 00:08:05,360 --> 00:08:08,029 We had connections right into the White House, 100%. 178 00:08:08,238 --> 00:08:10,949 Is it the same as it used to be? No way. 179 00:08:10,950 --> 00:08:13,033 But it's not going away in my lifetime. 180 00:08:13,034 --> 00:08:14,411 Just take my word for it. 181 00:08:14,619 --> 00:08:17,163 [Shatner] Blood oaths, family ties, 182 00:08:17,372 --> 00:08:19,457 and a strict code of silence 183 00:08:19,666 --> 00:08:22,627 are all part of the life of a soldier in La Cosa Nostra. 184 00:08:22,836 --> 00:08:25,255 But there's another notorious criminal 185 00:08:25,463 --> 00:08:29,050 whose legendary plunder and mysterious disappearance 186 00:08:29,259 --> 00:08:31,678 earned him the title 187 00:08:31,928 --> 00:08:35,014 the King of the Pirates. 188 00:08:39,102 --> 00:08:41,020 [Shatner reads on-screen text] 189 00:08:42,063 --> 00:08:43,857 Armed with a metal detector, 190 00:08:43,858 --> 00:08:47,026 treasure hunter Jim Bailey hunts for hidden pieces of history 191 00:08:47,027 --> 00:08:50,071 one step at a time. 192 00:08:50,280 --> 00:08:51,865 [beeping] 193 00:08:52,073 --> 00:08:54,993 And in May of 2014... 194 00:08:56,119 --> 00:08:58,079 ...he makes a remarkable discovery. 195 00:08:58,329 --> 00:09:02,500 He finds a peculiar object in the ground 196 00:09:02,667 --> 00:09:05,086 that seems to have no business 197 00:09:05,295 --> 00:09:08,131 being in a strawberry orchard in New England. 198 00:09:10,175 --> 00:09:12,052 [Bailey] In 2014, 199 00:09:12,260 --> 00:09:16,222 I recovered a-a very odd, uh, silver coin. 200 00:09:16,389 --> 00:09:20,602 I saw this-this bold, clear, crisp Arabic script 201 00:09:20,852 --> 00:09:22,103 on the coin, 202 00:09:22,312 --> 00:09:24,981 and I was amazed. 203 00:09:25,148 --> 00:09:28,818 It turned out to be a 17th century coin. 204 00:09:29,027 --> 00:09:32,906 And the coin predates direct trade 205 00:09:33,114 --> 00:09:36,868 between the American colonies and the Red Sea, 206 00:09:37,077 --> 00:09:40,163 the East Indies by over a century. 207 00:09:40,413 --> 00:09:43,750 So I knew the coin could have not come through trade. 208 00:09:43,751 --> 00:09:46,919 [Shatner] Just how did such an exotic coin 209 00:09:46,920 --> 00:09:50,006 make its way to a small town in New England? 210 00:09:50,007 --> 00:09:53,425 Jim Bailey believes the silver piece he found 211 00:09:53,426 --> 00:09:55,720 is connected to one of the most dangerous 212 00:09:55,970 --> 00:09:58,723 and wily seafarers in maritime history, 213 00:09:58,973 --> 00:10:02,185 an English captain named Henry Avery, 214 00:10:02,393 --> 00:10:04,687 whose exploits in the Indian Ocean 215 00:10:04,896 --> 00:10:09,317 earned him the nickname the King of Pirates. 216 00:10:10,485 --> 00:10:15,115 Captain Avery's legendary status can be traced back to 1695 217 00:10:15,323 --> 00:10:19,410 and a bloody heist heard around the world. 218 00:10:19,619 --> 00:10:22,080 Henry Avery sails north in the Indian Ocean 219 00:10:22,330 --> 00:10:23,957 to the Strait of Aden, 220 00:10:24,165 --> 00:10:27,627 which is part of the long-established pilgrim route 221 00:10:27,836 --> 00:10:30,505 for Muslims from India traveling to Mecca. 222 00:10:30,672 --> 00:10:33,424 And this is an extremely valuable trade route. 223 00:10:33,591 --> 00:10:36,511 The ships traveling from Western India to Mecca and back 224 00:10:36,719 --> 00:10:39,973 are carrying passengers of all kinds of social ranks 225 00:10:40,181 --> 00:10:41,850 and lots of wealth. 226 00:10:42,058 --> 00:10:45,520 So Henry Avery goes looking for the pilgrim fleet 227 00:10:45,770 --> 00:10:49,983 sailing from Mecca to Western India known as the Mughal fleet. 228 00:10:51,234 --> 00:10:54,529 [Shatner] The Mughal fleet was owned by the Mughal dynasty, 229 00:10:54,737 --> 00:10:56,573 a powerful and wealthy empire 230 00:10:56,781 --> 00:10:59,325 that ruled large portions of India 231 00:10:59,534 --> 00:11:03,037 from the 16th to the 18th century. 232 00:11:03,246 --> 00:11:06,624 Along with carrying pilgrims to and from Mecca, 233 00:11:06,791 --> 00:11:09,460 this armada contained treasure ships 234 00:11:09,627 --> 00:11:13,298 owned by the Grand Mughal of India himself. 235 00:11:13,506 --> 00:11:16,426 And the crown jewel of this royal fleet 236 00:11:16,593 --> 00:11:19,554 was a ship named the Ganj-i-Sawai. 237 00:11:21,222 --> 00:11:23,632 So Avery and his confederates pursue that ship. 238 00:11:23,808 --> 00:11:26,853 And they find it. 239 00:11:27,061 --> 00:11:29,272 A cannon explodes. 240 00:11:29,480 --> 00:11:31,441 The mast is hit and collapses. 241 00:11:31,691 --> 00:11:34,903 And so Henry Avery and his fellows sweep aboard the ship 242 00:11:35,069 --> 00:11:38,281 and spend days plundering, torturing, 243 00:11:38,531 --> 00:11:42,410 do all kinds of horrible things to the crew and the passengers. 244 00:11:42,619 --> 00:11:44,579 And the cargo they have seized 245 00:11:44,787 --> 00:11:46,706 is one of the most valuable 246 00:11:46,915 --> 00:11:48,917 crossing the Indian Ocean at that time. 247 00:11:49,125 --> 00:11:53,171 And so Henry Avery became known as the King of the Pirates 248 00:11:53,379 --> 00:11:55,632 as a figure who appears in ballads and plays 249 00:11:55,840 --> 00:11:57,842 and in books that appear 250 00:11:58,092 --> 00:12:01,042 very, very quickly after his capture of the Ganj-i-Sawai. 251 00:12:02,013 --> 00:12:05,892 [Shatner] Henry Avery's huge score made him a legend. 252 00:12:06,100 --> 00:12:08,330 But when word got back to the Mughal emperor 253 00:12:08,436 --> 00:12:10,688 that an English pirate was responsible 254 00:12:10,897 --> 00:12:12,106 for these atrocities, 255 00:12:12,315 --> 00:12:15,652 Avery became public enemy number one 256 00:12:15,860 --> 00:12:20,323 and triggered the first global manhunt in human history. 257 00:12:20,324 --> 00:12:23,408 [Simon] The capture of the Ganj-i-Sawai 258 00:12:23,409 --> 00:12:25,536 infuriated the Mughal Empire 259 00:12:25,537 --> 00:12:28,038 to the point where they threatened to cut off all trade 260 00:12:28,039 --> 00:12:30,833 and declare war against the British. 261 00:12:31,042 --> 00:12:35,922 Especially because Henry Avery and his crew had gotten away. 262 00:12:36,172 --> 00:12:38,883 So it's very, very important for Britain to maintain 263 00:12:38,884 --> 00:12:41,301 this good relationship with the Indian Mughals. 264 00:12:41,302 --> 00:12:45,515 So the British government stages this huge manhunt, 265 00:12:45,723 --> 00:12:48,017 going after Henry Avery. 266 00:12:48,184 --> 00:12:50,228 [Kevin P. McDonald] The idea that 267 00:12:50,436 --> 00:12:54,274 the manhunt for Avery was the first global manhunt is factual. 268 00:12:54,482 --> 00:12:57,485 That there are authorities all over the world 269 00:12:57,694 --> 00:13:00,113 literally looking out for this man. 270 00:13:00,114 --> 00:13:02,155 And he becomes one of the most infamous, 271 00:13:02,156 --> 00:13:04,075 notorious pirates of all time. 272 00:13:04,076 --> 00:13:07,244 [Shatner] Despite the entire world looking for him, 273 00:13:07,245 --> 00:13:12,292 Captain Avery manages to elude authorities. 274 00:13:12,500 --> 00:13:15,503 And to this day, the legend of his heist 275 00:13:15,670 --> 00:13:17,338 and his ability to hide out 276 00:13:17,547 --> 00:13:22,302 has forever made Henry Avery the King of Pirates. 277 00:13:22,468 --> 00:13:24,304 [McDonald] No one knows exactly 278 00:13:24,512 --> 00:13:25,952 what happened to Henry Avery. 279 00:13:25,972 --> 00:13:28,474 And he escaped into legend and mystery. 280 00:13:28,475 --> 00:13:31,685 And that's why he becomes one of these key enduring figures. 281 00:13:31,686 --> 00:13:34,272 Basically every pirate that came after him 282 00:13:34,480 --> 00:13:37,942 wanted to emulate that huge hit, that big score, 283 00:13:38,109 --> 00:13:42,613 and then disappear and presumably spend the riches. 284 00:13:42,614 --> 00:13:46,158 The big mystery here is what happened to Henry Avery. 285 00:13:46,159 --> 00:13:49,162 Maybe he went into hiding somewhere in the Caribbean. 286 00:13:49,412 --> 00:13:51,789 Or it's possible he went back to England. 287 00:13:51,998 --> 00:13:53,332 He may have actually 288 00:13:53,541 --> 00:13:54,834 also been able to kind of 289 00:13:54,835 --> 00:13:56,960 blend into colonial American society, 290 00:13:56,961 --> 00:13:59,422 maybe change his identity, 291 00:13:59,423 --> 00:14:01,256 and just set himself up somewhere. 292 00:14:01,257 --> 00:14:03,383 -[gulls calling] -[Shatner] Is it possible 293 00:14:03,384 --> 00:14:05,720 that this Houdini of the high seas 294 00:14:05,970 --> 00:14:08,681 ultimately escaped to a life of anonymity 295 00:14:08,931 --> 00:14:11,309 in the American colonies? 296 00:14:11,517 --> 00:14:14,896 Jim Bailey believes the coins he's found might hold the answer 297 00:14:15,104 --> 00:14:18,399 to where the King of Pirates may have come ashore. 298 00:14:18,400 --> 00:14:20,233 I found the first complete coin, 299 00:14:20,234 --> 00:14:22,111 but other coins started to follow. 300 00:14:22,320 --> 00:14:25,698 There's been 27 Arabic silver coins 301 00:14:25,907 --> 00:14:28,409 that have been found throughout New England. 302 00:14:28,618 --> 00:14:29,786 Here's the thing- 303 00:14:29,994 --> 00:14:31,871 the coins, they're all silver. 304 00:14:32,080 --> 00:14:33,498 They're all Arabic. 305 00:14:33,706 --> 00:14:35,666 They all circulated in the Red Sea. 306 00:14:35,875 --> 00:14:38,628 They all correlate perfectly 307 00:14:38,836 --> 00:14:42,840 with the date for the capture of the Ganj-i-Sawai. 308 00:14:43,966 --> 00:14:46,094 And in the course of my research, 309 00:14:46,302 --> 00:14:50,181 I found Henry Avery's ship by the name of the Seaflower 310 00:14:50,348 --> 00:14:53,017 arriving in Newport 311 00:14:53,226 --> 00:14:56,813 around April of 1696. 312 00:14:57,021 --> 00:14:59,065 So Henry Avery's men, 313 00:14:59,273 --> 00:15:01,776 they've been on the run for a long time. 314 00:15:01,984 --> 00:15:06,322 So maybe it was best to stay in the American colonies. 315 00:15:06,572 --> 00:15:08,533 When I started researching the coin, 316 00:15:08,741 --> 00:15:11,953 Henry Avery was the farthest thing from my mind. 317 00:15:12,161 --> 00:15:15,540 But the evidence was far stronger 318 00:15:15,706 --> 00:15:17,266 than I could have ever imagined. 319 00:15:18,292 --> 00:15:21,254 I think these coins were carried by Henry Avery's men 320 00:15:21,462 --> 00:15:25,383 upon coming to the American colonies 321 00:15:25,550 --> 00:15:29,512 to seek new lives of comfortable obscurity. 322 00:15:29,513 --> 00:15:33,723 [Shatner] We may never know if the exotic coins 323 00:15:33,724 --> 00:15:37,270 found in New England were part of Avery's famous exploits, 324 00:15:37,478 --> 00:15:40,565 because the secret of his treasure's whereabouts 325 00:15:40,773 --> 00:15:42,191 disappeared, 326 00:15:42,400 --> 00:15:44,944 along with the King of Pirates himself. 327 00:15:45,111 --> 00:15:49,073 But there is another criminal who also made a fortune 328 00:15:49,282 --> 00:15:52,285 not by keeping secrets but instead 329 00:15:52,493 --> 00:15:53,953 by selling them. 330 00:15:58,666 --> 00:16:01,752 [Shatner reads on-screen text] 331 00:16:02,837 --> 00:16:05,464 President Harry Truman establishes 332 00:16:05,673 --> 00:16:08,551 the Central Intelligence Agency. 333 00:16:08,759 --> 00:16:10,386 In the wake of World War II 334 00:16:10,595 --> 00:16:13,264 and with the rise of atomic weaponry, 335 00:16:13,431 --> 00:16:17,143 a new covert war is about to begin 336 00:16:17,310 --> 00:16:20,354 between the United States and the Soviet Union. 337 00:16:20,563 --> 00:16:23,983 This unprecedented era of espionage 338 00:16:24,192 --> 00:16:26,986 from 1947 to 1991 339 00:16:27,195 --> 00:16:29,989 is known as the Cold War. 340 00:16:29,990 --> 00:16:33,158 [Lubin] At the start of the Cold War 341 00:16:33,159 --> 00:16:35,953 as we know it in the 1950s, the U.S. realized 342 00:16:36,162 --> 00:16:39,707 that it needed to advance its internal security measures. 343 00:16:39,916 --> 00:16:41,292 This is why Truman... 344 00:16:42,376 --> 00:16:46,005 ...would ultimately generate a presidential executive order 345 00:16:46,214 --> 00:16:48,799 on confidential materials, 346 00:16:49,008 --> 00:16:52,303 which still to this day is the way by which we set 347 00:16:52,470 --> 00:16:54,555 different degrees of confidentiality 348 00:16:54,764 --> 00:16:57,600 around secret documents here in the United States. 349 00:16:57,808 --> 00:16:59,368 [Shatner] During the Cold War, 350 00:16:59,477 --> 00:17:02,980 both the CIA and the Soviet Union's KGB 351 00:17:03,189 --> 00:17:07,276 employed spies to steal each other's national secrets. 352 00:17:07,484 --> 00:17:10,154 And while any civilian could be recruited to spy 353 00:17:10,363 --> 00:17:12,949 on their home country for the other side, 354 00:17:13,156 --> 00:17:16,368 even more valuable were those already working 355 00:17:16,577 --> 00:17:18,704 in the intelligence community. 356 00:17:18,913 --> 00:17:23,751 These turncoats are known as double agents. 357 00:17:23,752 --> 00:17:25,501 [Andrew Hammond] To be a double agent- 358 00:17:25,502 --> 00:17:27,838 for example, I'm an agent. 359 00:17:28,047 --> 00:17:30,508 I'm working with the CIA over here 360 00:17:30,716 --> 00:17:33,636 but also working with the KGB over here. 361 00:17:33,844 --> 00:17:36,597 I'm a double agent in the middle. 362 00:17:36,806 --> 00:17:39,141 But it's quite often used in shorthand 363 00:17:39,308 --> 00:17:42,520 to refer to anybody who works in this world 364 00:17:42,770 --> 00:17:45,147 who also works for the other side. 365 00:17:45,314 --> 00:17:47,364 [Lubin] There will be a closed universe 366 00:17:47,400 --> 00:17:49,026 of individuals in the know 367 00:17:49,235 --> 00:17:50,903 about particular secrets, 368 00:17:51,070 --> 00:17:53,960 and you need to penetrate those kinds of closed networks. 369 00:17:54,865 --> 00:17:56,450 And so the best way to do that 370 00:17:56,659 --> 00:17:59,412 is by turning a double agent, a person, 371 00:17:59,620 --> 00:18:02,039 into an information sharer. 372 00:18:02,040 --> 00:18:06,459 [Shatner] The U.S. intelligence community is made up 373 00:18:06,460 --> 00:18:09,422 of 18 different agencies and organizations. 374 00:18:09,589 --> 00:18:14,552 So we have to wonder, are there double agents among them 375 00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:19,015 sharing our most closely guarded secrets with our enemies? 376 00:18:19,223 --> 00:18:23,436 Remarkably, the answer is yes. 377 00:18:23,437 --> 00:18:27,647 And many consider the most damaging double agent 378 00:18:27,648 --> 00:18:28,983 ever discovered 379 00:18:29,150 --> 00:18:31,819 was a 31-year veteran of the CIA 380 00:18:32,028 --> 00:18:35,114 named Aldrich Ames. 381 00:18:35,115 --> 00:18:38,116 [Nigel West] Aldrich Ames was a counterintelligence officer 382 00:18:38,117 --> 00:18:41,454 in the Directorate, uh, of Operations. 383 00:18:41,662 --> 00:18:44,457 And he was a senior individual who, in 1985, 384 00:18:44,665 --> 00:18:46,584 as a result of a bad divorce, 385 00:18:46,751 --> 00:18:48,502 was short of money 386 00:18:48,669 --> 00:18:50,588 and he sold out to the Soviets. 387 00:18:50,796 --> 00:18:53,591 He just simply went to the embassy, 388 00:18:53,799 --> 00:18:56,636 asked to speak to a KGB officer, 389 00:18:56,844 --> 00:19:00,640 and then sold information through letters, 390 00:19:00,890 --> 00:19:03,267 which was highly classified operations 391 00:19:03,476 --> 00:19:07,855 and a large number of identities 392 00:19:08,064 --> 00:19:12,360 who were people who had worked either for the FBI or the CIA 393 00:19:12,568 --> 00:19:16,155 in the Soviet embassy in Washington, D.C. 394 00:19:16,156 --> 00:19:19,491 [Lindsay Moran] There were suspicions 395 00:19:19,492 --> 00:19:23,162 that there was a spy within the CIA 396 00:19:23,412 --> 00:19:25,665 because, in the 1980s, 397 00:19:25,873 --> 00:19:30,127 many of our Russian sources in Russia 398 00:19:30,336 --> 00:19:32,206 started kind of dropping like flies. 399 00:19:32,296 --> 00:19:36,801 And this set off alarm bells at the CIA. 400 00:19:37,051 --> 00:19:40,346 And so an investigation was launched. 401 00:19:40,554 --> 00:19:44,058 But, bizarrely, it took many, many years 402 00:19:44,266 --> 00:19:46,519 to realize that it was Aldrich Ames, 403 00:19:46,727 --> 00:19:49,897 even though Aldrich Ames displayed 404 00:19:50,106 --> 00:19:51,774 many of the characteristics 405 00:19:51,982 --> 00:19:55,069 of what would be a viable target for recruitment. 406 00:19:55,277 --> 00:19:58,197 He had a known problem with alcohol. 407 00:19:58,406 --> 00:20:04,078 He had married a Colombian woman who had very expensive tastes. 408 00:20:04,286 --> 00:20:07,123 He bought a house in Virginia with cash 409 00:20:07,373 --> 00:20:10,376 for $540,000. 410 00:20:10,584 --> 00:20:12,962 He bought a Jaguar. 411 00:20:13,212 --> 00:20:15,005 He started to dress really well. 412 00:20:15,214 --> 00:20:16,924 He got new teeth. 413 00:20:17,174 --> 00:20:21,595 And all of these are pretty obvious indicators 414 00:20:21,804 --> 00:20:26,225 that someone is working for a foreign intelligence service, 415 00:20:26,434 --> 00:20:30,187 because he couldn't afford all that on his CIA salary. 416 00:20:30,188 --> 00:20:33,106 Aldrich Ames is one of the most famous CIA compromises 417 00:20:33,107 --> 00:20:34,275 of all times. 418 00:20:34,483 --> 00:20:37,278 He went many, many years clandestinely acquiring 419 00:20:37,279 --> 00:20:39,237 and giving information to the Russians 420 00:20:39,238 --> 00:20:41,574 until his ultimate arrest in the 1990s. 421 00:20:41,782 --> 00:20:44,785 It's very difficult to be able to quantify 422 00:20:44,994 --> 00:20:47,747 the amount of damage that Aldrich Ames did. 423 00:20:47,955 --> 00:20:51,250 We know that CIA spies were systematically killed. 424 00:20:51,459 --> 00:20:55,504 And, even to this day, CIA is always training new recruits 425 00:20:55,713 --> 00:20:58,007 to understand Aldrich Ames to make sure 426 00:20:58,008 --> 00:21:01,092 that they don't have another instance like that happen again. 427 00:21:01,093 --> 00:21:04,722 [Shatner] Aldrich Ames was sentenced to life in prison, 428 00:21:04,723 --> 00:21:07,766 and his wife Rosario got five years for aiding her husband 429 00:21:07,767 --> 00:21:11,145 in his crimes against the United States. 430 00:21:11,353 --> 00:21:15,232 But Ames was not the only double agent discovered inside 431 00:21:15,441 --> 00:21:18,277 an American intelligence agency. 432 00:21:18,486 --> 00:21:20,112 In 2001, 433 00:21:20,321 --> 00:21:23,783 an FBI agent named Robert Hanssen 434 00:21:23,949 --> 00:21:26,899 was arrested for selling highly classified information 435 00:21:26,994 --> 00:21:29,580 to Russia for over 20 years. 436 00:21:29,747 --> 00:21:31,957 And it begs an urgent question. 437 00:21:32,166 --> 00:21:35,252 How many more double agents might be operating 438 00:21:35,461 --> 00:21:39,131 within the American intelligence community right now 439 00:21:39,340 --> 00:21:40,925 that have never been caught? 440 00:21:41,175 --> 00:21:42,843 [Lubin] It is very likely 441 00:21:42,844 --> 00:21:44,803 that there is a Russian double agent 442 00:21:44,804 --> 00:21:47,056 within the U.S. government today. 443 00:21:47,264 --> 00:21:48,954 In the same way, it is very likely 444 00:21:49,099 --> 00:21:50,479 that there is a double agent 445 00:21:50,480 --> 00:21:52,519 working for the Chinese government 446 00:21:52,520 --> 00:21:56,106 or the Iranian government or the North Korean government. 447 00:21:56,107 --> 00:21:58,691 The United States has many enemies around the world, 448 00:21:58,692 --> 00:22:01,102 and those enemies are interested in gathering 449 00:22:01,153 --> 00:22:03,948 intimate information about U.S. doings. 450 00:22:03,949 --> 00:22:06,699 [Bustamante] It's very uncomfortable to admit, 451 00:22:06,700 --> 00:22:08,260 but one thing that CIA officers 452 00:22:08,261 --> 00:22:09,911 are taught right out of the gates 453 00:22:09,912 --> 00:22:12,322 is that you must always assume at any given time 454 00:22:12,373 --> 00:22:14,375 that the CIA and the FBI are penetrated 455 00:22:14,583 --> 00:22:16,393 by a foreign intelligence service. 456 00:22:16,919 --> 00:22:18,629 We have to assume that. 457 00:22:18,838 --> 00:22:20,840 If we're lucky, there's only one. 458 00:22:21,090 --> 00:22:24,426 Probability-wise, there is more than one. 459 00:22:25,427 --> 00:22:27,638 It's unsettling 460 00:22:27,847 --> 00:22:31,392 to know that a foreign spy with access to government data 461 00:22:31,600 --> 00:22:34,019 or top secret files 462 00:22:34,228 --> 00:22:36,939 is operating undetected in the shadows. 463 00:22:37,147 --> 00:22:39,024 And as technology advances, 464 00:22:39,191 --> 00:22:43,821 the security measures needed to stay one step ahead of criminals 465 00:22:43,988 --> 00:22:48,534 has become an increasingly difficult problem to solve. 466 00:22:48,742 --> 00:22:53,122 Such is the case surrounding a daring heist 467 00:22:53,372 --> 00:22:55,249 with a modern twist 468 00:22:55,457 --> 00:22:58,586 focused on the alluring and very valuable world 469 00:22:58,752 --> 00:23:00,921 of cryptocurrency. 470 00:23:05,593 --> 00:23:07,636 [Shatner reads on-screen text] 471 00:23:11,140 --> 00:23:13,684 32-year-old Sindri Thor Stefansson 472 00:23:13,934 --> 00:23:17,396 and a group of thieves break into the Advania data center, 473 00:23:17,605 --> 00:23:20,195 which is home to one of the largest concentrations 474 00:23:20,316 --> 00:23:22,526 of computer power in the world, 475 00:23:22,735 --> 00:23:27,364 and steal 550 computers. 476 00:23:27,615 --> 00:23:32,036 The value of these devices is about $2 million. 477 00:23:32,244 --> 00:23:35,789 But the bigger score is not the computers themselves 478 00:23:35,998 --> 00:23:39,877 but the information stored inside them. 479 00:23:40,961 --> 00:23:44,965 What these devices could do is mine Bitcoin. 480 00:23:46,300 --> 00:23:49,428 And mining Bitcoin can produce millions and millions 481 00:23:49,637 --> 00:23:51,513 and millions of dollars. 482 00:23:51,722 --> 00:23:54,934 These computers are basically like gold. 483 00:23:55,142 --> 00:23:56,769 But they're not mining gold. 484 00:23:56,977 --> 00:23:59,730 They're mining digits and mathematical formulas, 485 00:23:59,939 --> 00:24:03,984 which, in the 21st century, is something of value. 486 00:24:05,069 --> 00:24:07,029 [Shatner] Released in 2009, 487 00:24:07,237 --> 00:24:09,823 Bitcoin was the first of a new kind of money 488 00:24:09,990 --> 00:24:11,700 known as cryptocurrency, 489 00:24:11,909 --> 00:24:14,787 a form of digital cash that eliminates the need 490 00:24:14,954 --> 00:24:16,664 for traditional banks. 491 00:24:17,790 --> 00:24:22,503 Unlike normal forms of currency like the dollar or the euro, 492 00:24:22,670 --> 00:24:24,546 the value of a bitcoin 493 00:24:24,713 --> 00:24:27,800 is not tied to any nation or government. 494 00:24:29,218 --> 00:24:32,054 For Sindri Thor Stefansson, 495 00:24:32,262 --> 00:24:35,683 the benefit of stealing 550 Bitcoin computers 496 00:24:35,933 --> 00:24:39,269 was in the future bitcoins they could create. 497 00:24:40,396 --> 00:24:43,148 What you get for the risk 498 00:24:43,357 --> 00:24:47,152 is essentially a money-printing machine. 499 00:24:48,278 --> 00:24:50,688 And the difference is, it's not printing cash, 500 00:24:50,823 --> 00:24:53,575 it's printing billions of dollars' worth 501 00:24:53,784 --> 00:24:57,538 of bitcoins at a very rapid rate. 502 00:24:57,746 --> 00:24:59,957 And all that information 503 00:25:00,165 --> 00:25:04,086 is encrypted and untraceable. 504 00:25:05,170 --> 00:25:09,133 It's the perfect crime if you can pull it off. 505 00:25:09,134 --> 00:25:12,468 [Shatner] Less than a month after the Bitcoin heist, 506 00:25:12,469 --> 00:25:14,399 Stefansson was arrested and charged 507 00:25:14,430 --> 00:25:16,223 with stealing the computers. 508 00:25:16,224 --> 00:25:19,684 After confessing, he was sentenced 509 00:25:19,685 --> 00:25:22,396 to four and a half years in prison. 510 00:25:23,480 --> 00:25:25,733 But the case wasn't resolved 511 00:25:25,941 --> 00:25:29,862 because the stolen computers were never recovered, 512 00:25:30,070 --> 00:25:33,157 and Stefansson claims to not even know where they are. 513 00:25:34,742 --> 00:25:37,828 There was a greater conspiracy 514 00:25:38,037 --> 00:25:40,664 behind this Bitcoin heist, 515 00:25:40,831 --> 00:25:43,709 and he blames it on a guy 516 00:25:43,917 --> 00:25:46,670 whose identity he's never revealed. 517 00:25:48,714 --> 00:25:51,124 [Hochman] Mr. Stefansson has said that the idea 518 00:25:51,216 --> 00:25:53,510 of doing it did not come from him, 519 00:25:53,719 --> 00:25:55,345 but there is this "Mr. X" 520 00:25:55,554 --> 00:25:59,767 that he mysteriously ascribes the mastermind role to. 521 00:26:03,145 --> 00:26:05,855 There are a lot of wild theories about who Mr. X could be. 522 00:26:05,856 --> 00:26:07,107 One of them 523 00:26:07,316 --> 00:26:10,611 is, it could be Satoshi Nakamoto. 524 00:26:10,819 --> 00:26:13,906 [Shatner] By all accounts, "Satoshi Nakamoto" is an alias, 525 00:26:14,073 --> 00:26:17,576 a pseudonym for the shadowy creator of Bitcoin, 526 00:26:17,785 --> 00:26:20,913 whose real identity is unknown. 527 00:26:20,914 --> 00:26:24,373 [Hochman] We don't even know if Satoshi Nakamoto 528 00:26:24,374 --> 00:26:27,169 is a he or a she or a they 529 00:26:27,377 --> 00:26:30,547 because Satoshi Nakamoto has never come forward. 530 00:26:32,758 --> 00:26:35,636 [Wittman] In 2009, when this started, 531 00:26:35,844 --> 00:26:40,140 Nakamoto was very enthusiastic about spreading his ideas. 532 00:26:41,183 --> 00:26:42,935 Spreading out this code. 533 00:26:44,061 --> 00:26:47,439 This allowed him to establish a new currency 534 00:26:47,689 --> 00:26:50,984 called Bitcoin, which was not government-controlled. 535 00:26:51,193 --> 00:26:54,947 Around 2011, he just went dark. 536 00:26:55,155 --> 00:26:57,157 And no one knows who he is. 537 00:26:57,158 --> 00:27:00,910 [Shatner] There are those who believe that Satoshi Nakamoto 538 00:27:00,911 --> 00:27:03,747 and Mr. X are one and the same, 539 00:27:03,956 --> 00:27:05,766 and that this unidentified person 540 00:27:05,958 --> 00:27:07,459 or group of people 541 00:27:07,668 --> 00:27:10,587 has been hoarding and manipulating 542 00:27:10,796 --> 00:27:13,882 the value of Bitcoin from its inception 543 00:27:14,133 --> 00:27:17,636 to the heist in Iceland right up to today. 544 00:27:17,845 --> 00:27:21,265 [Hochman] Every single state and every single country 545 00:27:21,431 --> 00:27:25,352 is doing its best to rein in the Wild West of cryptocurrency. 546 00:27:25,561 --> 00:27:28,021 So the IRS in the last couple of years 547 00:27:28,230 --> 00:27:30,482 is very much stepping up its enforcement 548 00:27:30,732 --> 00:27:32,985 to go after people who are not reporting 549 00:27:33,151 --> 00:27:35,904 their cryptocurrency transactions. 550 00:27:37,239 --> 00:27:40,075 Because they by themselves could crash the market 551 00:27:40,284 --> 00:27:41,827 or they could grow the market. 552 00:27:41,828 --> 00:27:46,414 [Jeff Lanza] Cyber fraud, it's one of the top three 553 00:27:46,415 --> 00:27:48,041 priorities of the FBI. 554 00:27:48,042 --> 00:27:50,293 And in order to really get ahead of this problem, 555 00:27:50,294 --> 00:27:52,670 we need to be thinking more in an innovative way, 556 00:27:52,671 --> 00:27:55,799 uh, just as the criminals do in the cyber world. 557 00:27:55,800 --> 00:27:57,633 [Ebner] Somewhere on this planet, 558 00:27:57,634 --> 00:28:00,137 those computers are humming 559 00:28:00,345 --> 00:28:03,765 and they are creating Bitcoin revenue 560 00:28:03,974 --> 00:28:06,643 for somebody somewhere. 561 00:28:06,894 --> 00:28:10,856 Is it just some amorphous Mr. X? 562 00:28:11,064 --> 00:28:13,025 We don't know. 563 00:28:14,026 --> 00:28:18,697 But those 550 computers, 564 00:28:18,906 --> 00:28:21,116 I can guarantee you, 565 00:28:21,325 --> 00:28:24,578 they didn't wind up in a waste dump somewhere. 566 00:28:27,456 --> 00:28:30,125 [Shatner] Is Mr. X a visionary 567 00:28:30,375 --> 00:28:32,425 who changed how currency is controlled 568 00:28:32,502 --> 00:28:36,465 or a brilliant mastermind who created a safe space 569 00:28:36,673 --> 00:28:38,133 for cybercriminals? 570 00:28:38,342 --> 00:28:40,344 Perhaps he's a bit of both. 571 00:28:40,510 --> 00:28:45,140 The same might be said for a Wild West outlaw 572 00:28:45,307 --> 00:28:47,517 who was a notorious robber 573 00:28:47,726 --> 00:28:49,561 and a generous... 574 00:28:49,811 --> 00:28:51,897 -[horse neighs] -Robin Hood. 575 00:28:56,526 --> 00:28:59,988 [Shatner reads on-screen text] 576 00:29:00,697 --> 00:29:03,909 Here, 13 miles outside the small town of Coalinga, 577 00:29:04,117 --> 00:29:07,871 stand three jagged sandstone outcroppings 578 00:29:08,080 --> 00:29:10,624 known as the Joaquin Rocks. 579 00:29:10,791 --> 00:29:16,171 They are named after an infamous outlaw named Joaquin Murrieta 580 00:29:16,380 --> 00:29:18,048 who, according to legend, 581 00:29:18,256 --> 00:29:20,066 hid a treasure beneath these peaks 582 00:29:20,092 --> 00:29:24,638 worth millions of dollars in gold. 583 00:29:24,639 --> 00:29:26,263 [Peter Murrieta] Joaquin Murrieta 584 00:29:26,264 --> 00:29:28,934 was my fifth great-grandfather. 585 00:29:29,142 --> 00:29:32,020 He was, uh, an outlaw, a vigilante, 586 00:29:32,229 --> 00:29:34,564 a robber in the 1840s. 587 00:29:35,691 --> 00:29:39,403 And that is where the legends of not only his adventures 588 00:29:39,653 --> 00:29:41,113 but the gold of Joaquin 589 00:29:41,321 --> 00:29:43,532 and where he put his treasure come about. 590 00:30:00,257 --> 00:30:04,052 [Shatner] Did Joaquin Murrieta hide a stockpile of stolen gold 591 00:30:04,261 --> 00:30:06,013 in the Diablo Mountains? 592 00:30:06,221 --> 00:30:09,474 Perhaps, but according to historians, 593 00:30:09,683 --> 00:30:13,812 Murrieta did not start out as a dangerous criminal. 594 00:30:14,021 --> 00:30:17,941 In fact, he reportedly immigrated with his family 595 00:30:18,108 --> 00:30:19,901 from Mexico to California 596 00:30:20,110 --> 00:30:24,114 in the late 1840s to mine for gold. 597 00:30:24,322 --> 00:30:26,033 [Valadez] In 1848, 598 00:30:26,034 --> 00:30:28,075 gold was discovered up in the foothills 599 00:30:28,076 --> 00:30:30,078 of the mountains here in California. 600 00:30:30,287 --> 00:30:32,497 And Joaquin Murrieta, so we are told, 601 00:30:32,706 --> 00:30:34,666 he established a mining claim... 602 00:30:36,043 --> 00:30:38,920 ...to make his fortune with his wife, 603 00:30:39,171 --> 00:30:41,339 his brothers and perhaps 604 00:30:41,548 --> 00:30:44,468 other family members from Sonora, Mexico. 605 00:30:44,634 --> 00:30:47,387 And started making money in the early years 606 00:30:47,596 --> 00:30:50,098 of the California gold rush. 607 00:30:50,099 --> 00:30:53,726 [Shatner] By all accounts, Murrieta and his family 608 00:30:53,727 --> 00:30:56,313 soon amassed a substantial fortune. 609 00:30:56,521 --> 00:30:59,441 But then a gang of American prospectors 610 00:30:59,691 --> 00:31:01,193 attacked him 611 00:31:01,401 --> 00:31:03,820 and stole his land. 612 00:31:03,821 --> 00:31:05,362 [Valadez] According to the story, 613 00:31:05,363 --> 00:31:07,199 his brother was lynched... 614 00:31:08,033 --> 00:31:09,409 ...his wife was 615 00:31:09,618 --> 00:31:12,370 brutally, uh, raped and then murdered... 616 00:31:13,622 --> 00:31:16,583 ...and Joaquin himself was left for dead. 617 00:31:37,521 --> 00:31:40,440 [Valadez] Having just barely survived 618 00:31:40,649 --> 00:31:43,539 this harrowing circumstance where he lost everything, 619 00:31:43,735 --> 00:31:46,404 Joaquin began to organize 620 00:31:46,655 --> 00:31:51,493 other bands of dispossessed Mexicans, 621 00:31:51,701 --> 00:31:52,869 and then they began 622 00:31:53,078 --> 00:31:56,081 a series of attacks for revenge... 623 00:31:57,999 --> 00:32:01,878 ...from Los Angeles to San Francisco to Sacramento 624 00:32:02,087 --> 00:32:03,839 to the gold fields. 625 00:32:03,840 --> 00:32:07,508 [Shatner] Over the next three years, Joaquin Murrieta 626 00:32:07,509 --> 00:32:09,010 and his band of vigilantes 627 00:32:09,011 --> 00:32:12,012 delivered their brand of justice throughout Gold Country. 628 00:32:12,013 --> 00:32:16,768 In doing so, they acquired huge amounts of treasure. 629 00:32:16,769 --> 00:32:19,270 [Murrieta] Joaquin had a lot of gold 630 00:32:19,271 --> 00:32:20,730 that he had amassed over time. 631 00:32:20,939 --> 00:32:23,529 And during the process of that, he started to build 632 00:32:23,608 --> 00:32:26,611 a network of people that were giving him harbor. 633 00:32:26,820 --> 00:32:29,406 And that's where the legend starts, 634 00:32:29,656 --> 00:32:31,825 of Robin Hood, of somebody who would 635 00:32:31,992 --> 00:32:34,703 take money from white people 636 00:32:34,911 --> 00:32:39,207 and then give it to a family that gave him safe harbor. 637 00:32:39,208 --> 00:32:42,835 [Shatner] Word of Murrieta's exploits 638 00:32:42,836 --> 00:32:45,380 soon spread throughout California. 639 00:32:45,381 --> 00:32:47,131 Eventually, the governor offered 640 00:32:47,132 --> 00:32:49,426 a $1,000 cash reward 641 00:32:49,593 --> 00:32:53,096 and called upon the newly formed California Rangers 642 00:32:53,305 --> 00:32:55,932 to hunt Murrieta down. 643 00:32:56,141 --> 00:32:59,144 Joaquin knows that these Rangers are closing in. 644 00:33:00,604 --> 00:33:03,254 He's starting to figure out he's got to do something. 645 00:33:03,356 --> 00:33:06,234 He's got this treasure that he carries with him. 646 00:33:06,443 --> 00:33:07,861 What's he gonna do? 647 00:33:08,987 --> 00:33:11,114 The most prominent idea would be that 648 00:33:11,323 --> 00:33:13,575 he buried his treasure somewhere. 649 00:33:13,601 --> 00:33:17,119 [Shatner] According to the story, 650 00:33:17,120 --> 00:33:18,829 the California Rangers eventually caught up 651 00:33:18,830 --> 00:33:20,832 with Joaquin Murrieta and his gang 652 00:33:21,041 --> 00:33:23,585 in the Diablo Mountains. 653 00:33:27,539 --> 00:33:32,343 The Rangers reportedly returned to Sacramento 654 00:33:32,344 --> 00:33:36,014 a few days later with a severed head in a jar 655 00:33:36,223 --> 00:33:39,392 as proof that Murrieta had finally met his end. 656 00:33:39,601 --> 00:33:42,270 But that wouldn't be the end 657 00:33:42,479 --> 00:33:44,898 of Joaquin Murrieta's legacy. 658 00:33:44,899 --> 00:33:47,399 [Valadez] The way that we know 659 00:33:47,400 --> 00:33:48,693 about Joaquin 660 00:33:48,902 --> 00:33:51,363 is that there was a young writer 661 00:33:51,613 --> 00:33:55,242 living up in the gold fields, a guy named John Rollin Ridge. 662 00:33:55,492 --> 00:33:57,619 And he published a book 663 00:33:57,827 --> 00:34:01,873 called The Life and Adventures of Joaquin Murrieta. 664 00:34:02,082 --> 00:34:05,126 And when that book came out, it was 665 00:34:05,127 --> 00:34:07,294 the equivalent of a New York Times Best Seller. 666 00:34:07,295 --> 00:34:09,547 It was a blockbuster. 667 00:34:09,548 --> 00:34:12,508 [Murrieta] Joaquin Murrieta's story is the story 668 00:34:12,509 --> 00:34:15,929 that Johnston McCulley used to create Zorro, 669 00:34:16,137 --> 00:34:18,974 and, of course, Bob Kane used the story of Zorro 670 00:34:19,181 --> 00:34:20,850 to create Batman. 671 00:34:21,059 --> 00:34:24,603 And so, if you ask a lot of scholars, 672 00:34:24,853 --> 00:34:29,067 "Who's the first Latinx superhero," they say, 673 00:34:29,234 --> 00:34:31,344 "Oh, that's Joaquin Murrieta, no doubt." 674 00:34:31,345 --> 00:34:34,321 [Shatner] Today Joaquin Murrieta is celebrated 675 00:34:34,322 --> 00:34:35,864 by many as a folk hero. 676 00:34:36,074 --> 00:34:37,784 But the question remains: 677 00:34:37,951 --> 00:34:40,078 what happened to all the gold 678 00:34:40,286 --> 00:34:43,540 he was rumored to have stashed in the Diablo Mountains? 679 00:34:43,748 --> 00:34:46,918 Well, some historians believe Joaquin Murrieta 680 00:34:47,127 --> 00:34:50,297 never buried his fortune in the first place. 681 00:34:50,505 --> 00:34:54,384 They claim he wasn't killed by the California Rangers 682 00:34:54,551 --> 00:34:57,512 but rather escaped to Mexico. 683 00:34:57,721 --> 00:35:00,851 [Murrieta] A powerful part of the legend in our family is that 684 00:35:00,932 --> 00:35:04,394 the same people that he gave help to 685 00:35:04,603 --> 00:35:06,688 and gold to and that hid him 686 00:35:06,896 --> 00:35:10,358 also gave this great last act of care 687 00:35:10,567 --> 00:35:13,570 by going to a courthouse, where there's a head in a jar, 688 00:35:13,778 --> 00:35:16,488 and saying, "Yeah, that's totally him, I swear to it." 689 00:35:16,615 --> 00:35:19,117 And that was how he was able to get away and live, 690 00:35:19,326 --> 00:35:21,036 because that wasn't his head. 691 00:35:21,244 --> 00:35:26,541 The biggest mystery to me is, where did that gold go? 692 00:35:26,542 --> 00:35:28,292 We certainly don't know where, 693 00:35:28,293 --> 00:35:31,212 but it's got to be somewhere. 694 00:35:38,386 --> 00:35:41,931 [Shatner reads on-screen text] 695 00:35:43,099 --> 00:35:47,228 Two months before the horrific Whitechapel killing spree began, 696 00:35:47,437 --> 00:35:50,815 an American named Francis Tumblety arrived in the city, 697 00:35:51,024 --> 00:35:53,610 although this was not his first trip to London. 698 00:35:53,818 --> 00:35:55,928 For more than a decade, Tumblety had sold 699 00:35:55,929 --> 00:35:57,529 a number of medicinal remedies 700 00:35:57,530 --> 00:35:59,991 in both the United States and England 701 00:36:00,200 --> 00:36:02,827 and had also claimed to be a doctor 702 00:36:03,036 --> 00:36:05,664 and treated numerous patients, 703 00:36:05,872 --> 00:36:09,042 in spite of the fact that he was not a licensed physician 704 00:36:09,250 --> 00:36:12,754 and had no formal medical training. 705 00:36:12,755 --> 00:36:15,255 And there are those who believe that this dishonest, 706 00:36:15,256 --> 00:36:17,842 self-proclaimed doctor was, 707 00:36:18,093 --> 00:36:20,220 in fact, 708 00:36:20,428 --> 00:36:22,013 Jack the Ripper. 709 00:36:22,355 --> 00:36:25,599 [Lynn Picknett] Francis Tumblety, 710 00:36:25,600 --> 00:36:27,560 he was an American so-called 711 00:36:27,769 --> 00:36:29,062 "Indian herb doctor." 712 00:36:29,270 --> 00:36:32,774 In other words, he basically was a quack 713 00:36:32,982 --> 00:36:34,693 who went round selling 714 00:36:34,901 --> 00:36:38,279 alleged remedies, cure-alls, and preying on the gullible. 715 00:36:38,488 --> 00:36:40,907 And he was over in London 716 00:36:41,074 --> 00:36:44,077 during the time of the Ripper murders. 717 00:36:44,078 --> 00:36:46,495 [Mark Donnelly] Tumblety was horribly misogynistic. 718 00:36:46,496 --> 00:36:48,081 It seems that 719 00:36:48,289 --> 00:36:51,501 early in his life he had, uh, married young. 720 00:36:51,502 --> 00:36:54,336 Found out later that the woman he married was a prostitute 721 00:36:54,337 --> 00:36:57,340 and had continued prostitution after they were married. 722 00:36:58,341 --> 00:37:01,511 And so he would often espouse 723 00:37:01,720 --> 00:37:06,099 hatred toward all of womankind and especially the prostitutes. 724 00:37:06,307 --> 00:37:07,392 [Picknett] He was a, 725 00:37:07,600 --> 00:37:09,102 an unpleasant character. 726 00:37:09,310 --> 00:37:10,770 He used to host dinners, 727 00:37:10,979 --> 00:37:12,772 at which his great party trick 728 00:37:12,981 --> 00:37:16,484 was to pass round anatomical specimens 729 00:37:16,735 --> 00:37:19,946 in glass jars of female body parts, 730 00:37:20,155 --> 00:37:22,240 including uteruses. 731 00:37:22,449 --> 00:37:24,576 [Shatner] As London was shaken 732 00:37:24,784 --> 00:37:27,287 by the first four Ripper murders, 733 00:37:27,537 --> 00:37:30,540 investigators began to suspect that Francis Tumblety 734 00:37:30,749 --> 00:37:32,667 could be the killer. 735 00:37:32,668 --> 00:37:36,003 [Donnelly] Several of the medical examiners 736 00:37:36,004 --> 00:37:38,548 who looked at the mutilated bodies of the victims 737 00:37:38,715 --> 00:37:43,052 did comment that the killer seemed to possess 738 00:37:43,261 --> 00:37:45,555 some rudimentary medical knowledge, 739 00:37:45,764 --> 00:37:49,434 and we know that Tumblety was known in the States 740 00:37:49,642 --> 00:37:51,932 to have performed at least, uh, one abortion 741 00:37:52,020 --> 00:37:55,148 that went, um, fatally wrong 742 00:37:55,356 --> 00:38:00,028 and was wanted by the police in both the U.S. and Canada 743 00:38:00,236 --> 00:38:02,989 for passing himself off as a fake doctor. 744 00:38:02,990 --> 00:38:06,325 [Tony McMahon] There is no doubt that the London police 745 00:38:06,326 --> 00:38:09,788 viewed Francis Tumblety as a key suspect. 746 00:38:09,996 --> 00:38:12,791 They looked at his attitude towards women, 747 00:38:12,999 --> 00:38:17,378 they looked at his desire to be taken seriously as a surgeon 748 00:38:17,587 --> 00:38:19,631 and his odd collection of uteruses, 749 00:38:19,839 --> 00:38:23,426 and they believe that Tumblety could have been Jack the Ripper. 750 00:38:23,427 --> 00:38:27,304 [Shatner] According to London police records, 751 00:38:27,305 --> 00:38:30,099 Tumblety was questioned about the Ripper murders. 752 00:38:30,308 --> 00:38:34,103 But he was ultimately released for lack of evidence. 753 00:38:34,270 --> 00:38:36,815 Then, shortly after the Ripper's 754 00:38:37,023 --> 00:38:41,194 fifth and final victim Mary Kelly was murdered, 755 00:38:41,402 --> 00:38:45,406 Tumblety left London and returned to New York City. 756 00:38:45,657 --> 00:38:47,909 Some historians believe that the timing 757 00:38:48,117 --> 00:38:50,411 of these events is no coincidence. 758 00:38:50,620 --> 00:38:51,940 [Donnelly] When Tumblety 759 00:38:51,996 --> 00:38:54,207 first arrives, um, in London, 760 00:38:54,457 --> 00:38:57,107 right after he gets there, the Ripper murders begin. 761 00:38:57,335 --> 00:39:00,588 And right after he leaves, they stop. 762 00:39:00,755 --> 00:39:05,844 While we don't know exactly where Tumblety was 763 00:39:06,094 --> 00:39:07,929 or exactly what he was doing, 764 00:39:07,930 --> 00:39:10,097 there was a woman who ran a lodging house 765 00:39:10,098 --> 00:39:12,267 at 22 Batty Street, 766 00:39:12,433 --> 00:39:14,894 and that is about a ten-minute walk 767 00:39:15,103 --> 00:39:17,188 from each of the crime scenes. 768 00:39:17,355 --> 00:39:20,984 She had a lodger and she referred to him 769 00:39:21,150 --> 00:39:23,278 as an "American doctor." 770 00:39:23,486 --> 00:39:27,282 There were rumors that she had found a bloody shirt 771 00:39:27,490 --> 00:39:30,785 after this lodger had returned late at night... 772 00:39:31,828 --> 00:39:34,080 ...covered in gore. 773 00:39:34,289 --> 00:39:36,499 And then the lodger took up new residence 774 00:39:36,708 --> 00:39:38,668 at the Charing Cross Hotel. 775 00:39:38,835 --> 00:39:41,880 The day after the last Ripper murder, 776 00:39:42,088 --> 00:39:44,799 the lodger from the Charing Cross Hotel 777 00:39:45,008 --> 00:39:47,218 disappeared without paying his bill 778 00:39:47,427 --> 00:39:50,972 but left behind a small black doctor's bag. 779 00:39:50,973 --> 00:39:52,723 Once it was turned over to the police 780 00:39:52,724 --> 00:39:54,182 and the contents were examined, 781 00:39:54,183 --> 00:39:56,102 inside they found 782 00:39:56,311 --> 00:39:59,063 some herbal medicines, some clothing, 783 00:39:59,272 --> 00:40:00,440 little bit of jewelry, 784 00:40:00,648 --> 00:40:03,109 and, um, some pornography, 785 00:40:03,318 --> 00:40:06,321 which Tumblety is known to have sold. 786 00:40:06,529 --> 00:40:08,740 Now, it's hard to know for certain 787 00:40:08,948 --> 00:40:10,617 because this is just a theory. 788 00:40:10,618 --> 00:40:13,118 [Shatner] The London police may have had trouble 789 00:40:13,119 --> 00:40:16,873 proving that Francis Tumblety, the so-called American doctor, 790 00:40:17,081 --> 00:40:18,875 could have been Jack the Ripper. 791 00:40:19,083 --> 00:40:21,252 But upon his return to the United States, 792 00:40:21,461 --> 00:40:24,088 the press had no such trouble convicting him 793 00:40:24,297 --> 00:40:26,633 in the court of public opinion. 794 00:40:27,842 --> 00:40:30,011 Is it possible that Francis Tumblety 795 00:40:30,219 --> 00:40:31,930 was Jack the Ripper? 796 00:40:32,138 --> 00:40:35,642 Many researchers believe the evidence is compelling. 797 00:40:35,850 --> 00:40:39,187 And as proof, they point to a curious object 798 00:40:39,354 --> 00:40:43,358 that was in Tumblety's possession when he died. 799 00:40:43,359 --> 00:40:44,942 [Stewart Evans] When Tumblety died 800 00:40:44,943 --> 00:40:46,110 in 1903, 801 00:40:46,319 --> 00:40:49,322 he was in hospital run by nuns in St. Louis, 802 00:40:49,530 --> 00:40:53,117 and certain things were found on his person, 803 00:40:53,326 --> 00:40:56,204 which included a plain brass ring, 804 00:40:56,454 --> 00:40:57,830 almost like a curtain ring. 805 00:40:58,039 --> 00:41:00,708 And the only Ripper victim 806 00:41:00,917 --> 00:41:02,669 who actually lost anything 807 00:41:02,835 --> 00:41:05,838 of a substantial nature was Annie Chapman. 808 00:41:06,047 --> 00:41:08,549 And she'd had such a ring, a plain brass ring, 809 00:41:08,758 --> 00:41:10,718 stolen off her finger by the killer. 810 00:41:10,927 --> 00:41:14,639 So, with regard to Tumblety actually being Jack the Ripper, 811 00:41:14,847 --> 00:41:16,224 for a lot of people now, 812 00:41:16,432 --> 00:41:19,602 he's the favorite Ripper suspect. 813 00:41:20,603 --> 00:41:24,148 What is it about criminals 814 00:41:24,315 --> 00:41:28,403 and the lives they lead that we find so interesting? 815 00:41:28,653 --> 00:41:30,943 While no one wants to be the victim of a crime, 816 00:41:31,072 --> 00:41:34,617 we certainly are curious about what drives someone 817 00:41:34,826 --> 00:41:38,162 to commit dangerous or unspeakable acts. 818 00:41:38,371 --> 00:41:41,958 From historical characters like outlaws and pirates 819 00:41:42,166 --> 00:41:45,920 to organized crime, espionage and cyber sleuths, 820 00:41:46,129 --> 00:41:48,214 while we may learn the methods 821 00:41:48,423 --> 00:41:51,467 behind some of the most notorious misdeeds on record, 822 00:41:51,634 --> 00:41:53,845 the question of why 823 00:41:54,095 --> 00:41:57,140 someone would choose a life of crime 824 00:41:57,348 --> 00:42:01,686 remains unexplained. 825 00:42:01,936 --> 00:42:04,272 CAPTIONING PROVIDED BY A E NETWORKS 826 00:42:04,322 --> 00:42:08,872 Repair and Synchronization by Easy Subtitles Synchronizer 1.0.0.0